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Home/ Skills / nft-standards Implement NFT standards (ERC-721, ERC-1155) with proper metadata handling, minting strategies, and marketplace integration. Use when creating NFT contracts, building NFT marketplaces, or implementing digital asset systems.
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NFT Standards
Master ERC-721 and ERC-1155 NFT standards, metadata best practices, and advanced NFT features.
When to Use This Skill
Creating NFT collections (art, gaming, collectibles)
Implementing marketplace functionality
Building on-chain or off-chain metadata
Creating soulbound tokens (non-transferable)
Implementing royalties and revenue sharing
Developing dynamic/evolving NFTs
ERC-721 (Non-Fungible Token Standard)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0 ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol" ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol" ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol" ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol" ;
contract MyNFT is ERC721URIStorage , ERC721Enumerable , Ownable {
using Counters for Counters .Counter;
Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;
uint256
ERC-1155 (Multi-Token Standard)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0 ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/ERC1155.sol" ;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol" ;
contract GameItems is
{
"name" : "NFT #1" ,
"description" : "Description of the NFT" ,
"image" : "ipfs://QmImageHash" ,
"attributes" : [
{
"trait_type" : "Background" ,
"value" : "Blue"
},
{
"trait_type" : "Rarity" ,
"value" :
contract OnChainNFT is ERC721 {
struct Traits {
uint8 background;
uint8 body;
uint8 head;
uint8 rarity;
}
mapping
Royalties (EIP-2981)
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC2981.sol" ;
contract NFTWithRoyalties is ERC721 , IERC2981 {
address public royaltyRecipient;
uint96 public royaltyFee = 500 ; // 5%
constructor () ERC721
Soulbound Tokens (Non-Transferable)
contract SoulboundToken is ERC721 {
constructor () ERC721 ("Soulbound", "SBT") {}
function _beforeTokenTransfer (
address from ,
address to ,
uint256 tokenId ,
uint256 batchSize
) internal virtual
Dynamic NFTs
contract DynamicNFT is ERC721 {
struct TokenState {
uint256 level;
uint256 experience;
uint256 lastUpdated;
}
mapping ( uint256 => TokenState) public tokenStates;
Gas-Optimized Minting (ERC721A)
import "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol" ;
contract OptimizedNFT is ERC721A {
uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 10000 ;
uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.05 ether ;
constructor () ERC721A ("Optimized NFT", "ONFT") {}
function
Resources
references/erc721.md : ERC-721 specification details
references/erc1155.md : ERC-1155 multi-token standard
references/metadata-standards.md : Metadata best practices
references/enumeration.md : Token enumeration patterns
assets/erc721-contract.sol : Production ERC-721 template
assets/erc1155-contract.sol : Production ERC-1155 template
assets/metadata-schema.json : Standard metadata format
assets/metadata-uploader.py : IPFS upload utility
Best Practices
Use OpenZeppelin : Battle-tested implementations
Pin Metadata : Use IPFS with pinning service
Implement Royalties : EIP-2981 for marketplace compatibility
Gas Optimization : Use ERC721A for batch minting
Reveal Mechanism : Placeholder → reveal pattern
Enumeration : Support walletOfOwner for marketplaces
Whitelist : Merkle trees for efficient whitelisting
Marketplace Integration
OpenSea: ERC-721/1155, metadata standards
LooksRare: Royalty enforcement
Rarible: Protocol fees, lazy minting
Blur: Gas-optimized trading
public
constant
MAX_SUPPLY
=
10000
;
uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.08 ether ;
uint256 public constant MAX_PER_MINT = 20 ;
constructor () ERC721 ("MyNFT", "MNFT") {}
function mint ( uint256 quantity ) external payable {
require (quantity > 0 && quantity <= MAX_PER_MINT, "Invalid quantity" );
require (_tokenIds. current () + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Exceeds max supply" );
require ( msg .value >= MINT_PRICE * quantity, "Insufficient payment" );
for ( uint256 i = 0 ; i < quantity; i ++ ) {
_tokenIds. increment ();
uint256 newTokenId = _tokenIds. current ();
_safeMint ( msg.sender , newTokenId);
_setTokenURI (newTokenId, generateTokenURI (newTokenId));
}
}
function generateTokenURI ( uint256 tokenId ) internal pure returns ( string memory ) {
// Return IPFS URI or on-chain metadata
return string ( abi . encodePacked ( "ipfs://QmHash/" , Strings. toString (tokenId), ".json" ));
}
// Required overrides
function _beforeTokenTransfer (
address from ,
address to ,
uint256 tokenId ,
uint256 batchSize
) internal override ( ERC721 , ERC721Enumerable ) {
super . _beforeTokenTransfer (from, to, tokenId, batchSize);
}
function _burn ( uint256 tokenId ) internal override ( ERC721 , ERC721URIStorage ) {
super . _burn (tokenId);
}
function tokenURI ( uint256 tokenId ) public view override ( ERC721 , ERC721URIStorage ) returns ( string memory ) {
return super . tokenURI (tokenId);
}
function supportsInterface ( bytes4 interfaceId )
public
view
override ( ERC721 , ERC721Enumerable )
returns ( bool )
{
return super . supportsInterface (interfaceId);
}
function withdraw () external onlyOwner {
payable ( owner ()). transfer ( address ( this ).balance);
}
}
ERC1155
,
Ownable
{
uint256 public constant SWORD = 1 ;
uint256 public constant SHIELD = 2 ;
uint256 public constant POTION = 3 ;
mapping ( uint256 => uint256 ) public tokenSupply;
mapping ( uint256 => uint256 ) public maxSupply;
constructor () ERC1155 ("ipfs://QmBaseHash/{id}.json") {
maxSupply[SWORD] = 1000 ;
maxSupply[SHIELD] = 500 ;
maxSupply[POTION] = 10000 ;
}
function mint (
address to ,
uint256 id ,
uint256 amount
) external onlyOwner {
require (tokenSupply[id] + amount <= maxSupply[id], "Exceeds max supply" );
_mint (to, id, amount, "" );
tokenSupply[id] += amount;
}
function mintBatch (
address to ,
uint256 [] memory ids ,
uint256 [] memory amounts
) external onlyOwner {
for ( uint256 i = 0 ; i < ids.length; i ++ ) {
require (tokenSupply[ids[i]] + amounts[i] <= maxSupply[ids[i]], "Exceeds max supply" );
tokenSupply[ids[i]] += amounts[i];
}
_mintBatch (to, ids, amounts, "" );
}
function burn (
address from ,
uint256 id ,
uint256 amount
) external {
require (from == msg.sender || isApprovedForAll (from, msg.sender ), "Not authorized" );
_burn (from, id, amount);
tokenSupply[id] -= amount;
}
}
"Legendary"
},
{
"trait_type" : "Power" ,
"value" : 95 ,
"display_type" : "number" ,
"max_value" : 100
}
]
}
(
uint256
=>
Traits)
public
tokenTraits;
function tokenURI ( uint256 tokenId ) public view override returns ( string memory ) {
Traits memory traits = tokenTraits[tokenId];
string memory json = Base64. encode (
bytes (
string (
abi . encodePacked (
'{"name": "NFT #' , Strings. toString (tokenId), '",' ,
'"description": "On-chain NFT",' ,
'"image": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,' , generateSVG (traits), '",' ,
'"attributes": [' ,
'{"trait_type": "Background", "value": "' , Strings. toString (traits.background), '"},' ,
'{"trait_type": "Rarity", "value": "' , getRarityName (traits.rarity), '"}' ,
']}'
)
)
)
);
return string ( abi . encodePacked ( "data:application/json;base64," , json));
}
function generateSVG ( Traits memory traits ) internal pure returns ( string memory ) {
// Generate SVG based on traits
return "..." ;
}
}
("Royalty NFT", "RNFT") {
royaltyRecipient = msg.sender ;
}
function royaltyInfo ( uint256 tokenId , uint256 salePrice )
external
view
override
returns ( address receiver , uint256 royaltyAmount )
{
return (royaltyRecipient, (salePrice * royaltyFee) / 10000 );
}
function setRoyalty ( address recipient , uint96 fee ) external onlyOwner {
require (fee <= 1000 , "Royalty fee too high" ); // Max 10%
royaltyRecipient = recipient;
royaltyFee = fee;
}
function supportsInterface ( bytes4 interfaceId )
public
view
override ( ERC721 , IERC165 )
returns ( bool )
{
return interfaceId == type (IERC2981).interfaceId ||
super . supportsInterface (interfaceId);
}
}
override
{
require (from == address ( 0 ) || to == address ( 0 ), "Token is soulbound" );
super . _beforeTokenTransfer (from, to, tokenId, batchSize);
}
function mint ( address to ) external {
uint256 tokenId = totalSupply () + 1 ;
_safeMint (to, tokenId);
}
// Burn is allowed (user can destroy their SBT)
function burn ( uint256 tokenId ) external {
require ( ownerOf (tokenId) == msg.sender , "Not token owner" );
_burn (tokenId);
}
}
function gainExperience ( uint256 tokenId , uint256 exp ) external {
require ( ownerOf (tokenId) == msg.sender , "Not token owner" );
TokenState storage state = tokenStates[tokenId];
state.experience += exp;
// Level up logic
if (state.experience >= state.level * 100 ) {
state.level ++ ;
}
state.lastUpdated = block .timestamp;
}
function tokenURI ( uint256 tokenId ) public view override returns ( string memory ) {
TokenState memory state = tokenStates[tokenId];
// Generate metadata based on current state
return generateMetadata (tokenId, state);
}
function generateMetadata ( uint256 tokenId , TokenState memory state )
internal
pure
returns ( string memory )
{
// Dynamic metadata generation
return "" ;
}
}
mint
(
uint256
quantity
)
external
payable
{
require ( _totalMinted () + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Exceeds max supply" );
require ( msg .value >= MINT_PRICE * quantity, "Insufficient payment" );
_mint ( msg.sender , quantity);
}
function _baseURI () internal pure override returns ( string memory ) {
return "ipfs://QmBaseHash/" ;
}
}